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The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps and conducts a wide range of basic scientific research, applied research, technological development and prototyping. A few of the laboratory's current specialties include plasma physics, space physics, materials science, and tactical electronic warfare. NRL is one of the first US Government scientific R&D laboratories, having opened in 1923 at the instigation of Thomas Edison, and is currently under the Office of Naval Research.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nrl.navy.mil/about-nrl/mission/ )〕 NRL's research expenditures are approximately $1.1 billion per year. ==Research== The Naval Research Laboratory conducts a wide variety of basic and scientific research and technological development of importance to the Navy. It has a long history of scientific breakthroughs and technological achievements dating back to its foundation in 1923. In many instances the laboratory's contributions to military technology are declassified decades after those technologies have become widely adopted. In 2011, NRL researchers published 1,398 unclassified scientific & technical articles, book chapters and conference proceedings.〔 In 2008, the NRL was ranked #3 among all U.S. institutions holding nanotechnology-related patents, behind IBM and the University of California.〔http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/v3/n3/full/nnano.2008.51.html〕 Current areas of research at NRL include:〔 * Advanced radio, optical and infrared sensors * Autonomous systems * Computer science and artificial intelligence * Directed energy technology * Electronic electro-optical device technology * Electronic warfare * Enhanced maintainability, reliability and survivability technology * Environmental effects on naval systems * Imaging research and systems * Information technology * Marine geosciences * Materials * Meteorology * Ocean acoustics * Oceanography * Space systems and technology * Surveillance and sensor technology * Undersea technology Among a wide range of other specific topics and technologies NRL is currently researching: armor for munitions in transport, high-powered lasers, remote explosives detection, spintronics, the dynamics of explosive gas mixtures, electromagnetic Railgun technology, detection of hidden nuclear materials, graphene devices, high-power extremely high frequency (35–220 GHz) amplifiers, acoustic lensing, information-rich orbital coastline mapping, arctic weather forecasting, global aerosol analysis & prediction, high-density plasmas, Millisecond pulsars, broadband laser data links, virtual mission operation centers, battery technology, photonic crystals, carbon nanotube electronics, electronic sensors, mechanical nano-resonators, solid-state chemical sensors, organic opto-electronics, neural-electronic interfaces and self-assembling nanostructures.〔〔http://www.nrl.navy.mil/nanoscience/programs.php〕 The laboratory houses a wide range of R&D facilities. The most recent additions include the NRL Nanoscience Institute's 5000sqft Class 100 nanofabrication cleanroom and quiet measurement labs and the Laboratory for Autonomous Systems Research (LASR).〔http://www.engadget.com/2012/05/01/lasr-behind-the-curtain-of-the-navys-robotics-laboratory/〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United States Naval Research Laboratory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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